Programming & Problem Solving Through Python

Algorithm – Definition & Properties Writing Algorithms in Steps Flowchart Symbols (Start/End, Process, Decision, I/O, Connector) Drawing Flowcharts for Simple Programs Pseudocode Writing Constructs: Sequence, Selection, Iteration Case Study: Finding Largest Number Case Study: Factorial Computation Case Study: Fibonacci Sequence Case Study: Prime Number Check Case Study: Reverse Order of Array Elements Case Study: Linear Search in an Array Case Study: sin(x) as Sum of a Series

Python Introduction & Technical Strengths Introduction to Python Interpreter & Program Execution Using Comments (Single-line & Multi-line) Literals and Constants Python Built-in Data Types Numbers (Integers, Floats, Complex, Real, Sets) Accepting Input from Console – input() Printing Statements – print() Simple Python Programs

String Slicing (start:stop:step) String Indexing & Negative Indexing String Concatenation & Repetition Other Operations on Strings String Methods (upper, lower, strip, split, join, replace, find, count, startswith, endswith, isdigit, isalpha, capitalize, title, swapcase) String Formatting – %, format(), f-strings ord() and chr() String Comparison

Assignment Statement Expressions Arithmetic Operators (+, -, *, /, //, %, **) Relational (Comparison) Operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=) Logical Operators (and, or, not) Bitwise Operators (&, |, ^, ~, <<, >>) Operator Precedence and Associativity

Conditional Statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else Notion of Iterative Computation range() Function while Loop for Loop break Statement continue Statement pass Statement else Clause with Loops assert Statement Practical Programs (Prime, Factorial, Fibonacci, Palindrome)

Creating & Accessing Lists List Slicing, Indexing, Concatenation List Methods (append, insert, remove, pop, sort, reverse, index, count) Concept of Mutable Objects List Comprehension Finding Maximum, Minimum, Mean of a List Linear Search on List/Tuple of Numbers

Tuple Creation & Immutability Tuple Slicing, Indexing, Concatenation Tuple Methods (count, index) Tuple Packing & Unpacking Concept of Immutable Objects

Creating Dictionaries (Key-Value Pairs) Accessing & Modifying Dictionary Values Dictionary Methods (keys, values, items, get, pop, update) Counting Frequency of Elements Using a Dictionary Iterating over Dictionaries

Top-Down Approach to Problem Solving Modular Programming & Functions Function Parameters & Local Variables The return Statement Doc Strings global Statement Default Argument Values Keyword Arguments VarArgs Parameters (*args, **kwargs) Recursion Concept Recursive Factorial & Fibonacci

Library Functions: input(), eval(), print() Numeric Functions: eval(), max(), min(), pow(), round(), int(), random(), ceil(), floor(), sqrt() String Functions: count(), find(), rfind(), capitalize(), title(), lower(), upper(), swapcase(), replace(), strip(), split(), join(), isspace(), isalpha(), isdigit(), isalnum(), startswith(), endswith() Date & Time Functions Higher-Order Functions (map, filter)

Concept of Files File Opening in Various Modes (r, w, a, r+, w+, b) Closing a File Reading from a File – read(), readline(), readlines() Writing onto a File – write(), writelines() File Functions: open(), close(), tell(), seek() Command Line Arguments Working with File Pointer

Scope of Objects and Names in Python LEGB Rule (Local, Enclosing, Global, Built-in)

Module Basics Module Files as Namespaces import Statement from...import Syntax Import Model Reloading Modules Standard Library: math, random, datetime, os, sys, time Creating Custom Modules __name__ == "__main__"

Introduction to NumPy NumPy ndarray – N-dimensional Array Data Types in NumPy (dtype) Array Attributes (shape, ndim, size, dtype) Array Creation Routines (array(), zeros(), ones(), arange(), linspace()) Array From Existing Data Array From Numerical Ranges Indexing & Slicing of NumPy Arrays Array Manipulation (reshape, split, join) Accessing Data and Subarrays